There's probably some exception I haven't thought of but it seems like Skywalker is the only prominent surname in Star Wars that's clearly derived from English (or 'common galactic' or whatever the Star Wars code for English is) since it's a compound of two English words. Every other name in Star Wars - Organa, Palpatine, Kenobi, Erso, Fett - is made up, the implication being that they're derived from some other language that exists in the the Star Wars universe. "Solo" is a possible exception, but it's not quite clear if that name is meant to be derived from the English (actually Italian) synonym for alone, or from some other language in the galaxy.

The name presumably comes from a slave lineage, since Anakin was a slave. I wonder if in Star Wars there's a tradition of giving slaves common speech names, sort of the way Game of Thrones does with children born out of wedlock.

(I know the real answer is that George Lucas didn't give it that much thought, but it seems like the writers could come up with a cannon explanation.)

Salacious Crumb has an English name

Starkiller Base is named after a family with an English name.

Every other name in Star Wars - Organa, Palpatine, Kenobi, Erso, Fett - is made up, the implication being that they're derived from some other language that exists in the the Star Wars universe.

"Organa" contains "Organ". Looks like we're focused on surnames. We can't forget the prequel characters, e.g. Gunray. There is also "Wicket", but the name is never very clearly uttered, in the OT. Similar is the case with Darklighter, Crumb and Fortuna. (I don't know if prepositions like "for" count.) Although, Wicket is perhaps more pronounced in the Ewoks series. Since Ewoks only have one name, their names count as surnames.